Nigerian Psychological Research is a quarterly publication of the Nigerian Psychological Association. It is intended to disseminate original scientific work in all fields of psychology, such as empirical, historical, theoretical and conceptual studies, as well as reviews of literature. Nigerian Psychological Research is one of the official journals of the Nigerian Psychological Association. It is a quarterly publication intended to disseminate original work in all fields of psychology, and it welcomes empirical and theoretical studies, as well as reviews, in a broad range of areas, such as developmental, school and educational psychology; social psychology; organizational psychology; behavioral psychology; clinical psychology; health psychology; cognitive psychology; neuropsychology; psychological assessment; experimental psychology; theory and history of psychology. Authors are required to pay a fee to publish in Nigerian Psychological Research because we publish with Open Access unless – in some cases where the author has a 100% waiver.
Aggressive Behaviour Of Male And Female Students As Related To Their Academic Achievement And Residential Background
The study investigated the aggressive behavior of male and female students as related to their academic achievement and residential background. In an attempt to focus the study, four hypotheses were postulated. The hypotheses dealt with whether there were significant differences in the aggression of students based on academic grade, sex and residential background (location). The first-order correlation between aggression and academic achievement with the effect of locus of control adjusted for was also investigated. A review of literature was done to expose the researcher with a sound theoretical framework for the study. The review was based on materials from texts, journals, internet and past theses. An ex-post facto research design was used and simple random sampling was adopted in drawing a sample of 392 SS2 public secondary school students in Delta State. Two instruments, one developed by the researcher, Aggression Scale (AGS) and the other developed by Rotter, Locus of Control Scale (LOCS) were used to collect data for the investigation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics using three-way analysis of variance and partial correlation. Results show that the main effect of academic grade on students aggression is statistically significant in favour of students with high academic grade. That is, students with high academic grade are more aggressive than students with low academic grade. The main effect of sex and residential background on students aggression are statistically significant. There was also significant relationship between aggression and academic achievement with the effect of locus of control adjusted for.
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Integrative Review Of Psychological Frameworks In Mental Health Diagnosis
The diagnosis of mental illness has evolved from theory-driven formulations to largely descriptive, symptom-based systems designed to improve reliability. Although this shift enhanced inter-rater consistency, it also introduced concerns regarding reductionism and limited clinical utility. This integrative review examines the contributions and limitations of major psychological and biomedical theories biological, psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, and sociological in psychiatric diagnosis. Evidence suggests that reliance on single theoretical frameworks contributes to diagnostic error and incomplete case conceptualization. The review synthesizes empirical literature indicating that multi-theoretical integration, particularly within the biopsychosocial model, improves diagnostic precision, enhances case formulation, and strengthens treatment alignment. The findings support the argument that diagnosis should extend beyond symptom classification to include aetiological, contextual, and functional understanding, especially in multicultural contexts such as Nigeria. The study concludes that structured integration of diverse theoretical perspectives is essential for comprehensive and clinically useful psychological diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nigerian Psychological Research
Effect Of Crowding And Gender On Performance In Cognitive Task Among Pupils
This study examined the effects of classroom crowding and gender on cognitive task performance among primary school pupils in Anambra State, Nigeria. With increasing concerns about overcrowded public classrooms, understanding how environmental stressors and gender differences influence cognitive functioning is critical. A total of 90 pupils (45 males and 45 females) aged 8-10 years participated in the study. The study investigated whether differences exist in cognitive performance across various levels of classroom crowding, between male and female pupils, and whether an interaction effect exists between crowding and gender. Crowd conditions were measured as low (20 pupils), moderate (30 pupils), and high (40 pupils), while cognitive performance was assessed using the Object Assembly subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). Results from a two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of classroom crowding on cognitive performance with pupils in highly crowded classrooms performing significantly poorly than those in moderate and low crowded classrooms. A significant main effect of gender was also observed indicating that female pupils outperformed males. Additionally, a significant interaction effect was observed suggesting that male pupils were more adversely affected by crowding. These findings highlight the importance of improving classroom conditions and adopting gender-responsive teaching strategies.
Internet Addiction and Pornography Consumption as Correlates of Students’ Psychological Wellbeing
The study examined internet addiction and pornography consumption as correlates of students’ psychological wellbeing. A total of three hundred and sixty-one (361) Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Students served as participants in the study. They were selected using random sampling techniques. The participants consist of one hundred and seventy-two (47.6%) females and one hundred and eighty-nine (52.4%) males with their ages ranging from 16-23 years (M= 20years, SD= 1.85). Self-rated measures that include the Psychological Well-Being (RPWS) Scale, Short Version of Internet Addiction Test, and Pornography Consumption Inventory (1992) were completed by the participants to generate data for the study. The result of the Pearson product-moment correlation test showed that both internet addiction and pornographic consumption had significant negative correlation with psychological wellbeing, r (359) = -.637, p < .05 and r(359) = -.570, p < .05 respectively. The two hypotheses were confirmed and thus implicated internet addiction and pornographic consumption as factors with a negative relationship with the psychological wellbeing of undergraduates. Based on the findings of this study, practical recommendations were made.
Copyright (c) 2022 Nigerian Psychological Research
Psychophysiological Symptom as a Predictor of Depression among Institutionalized Persons in Nigeria: The Moderating Role of Social Support
Institutionalized persons seem to encounter negative life such as restrictions on freedom of movement, which may put them at risk to develop feelings of hopelessness, depression and anxiety. Such development caused by lack of freedom may result to psychophysiological symptoms. Thus, the need to ascertain the role of social support in mitigating any possible relationship between psychophysiological symptom and depression. The participants were drawn using available sampling technique from three institutions: Nigerian Correctional Service, Home for the Elderly and ESUT psychiatric hospital all in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. One hundred and eighteen (86 males and 32 females) whose age ranged from 18-70 years (mean age 37.93 and standard deviation 13.93) took part in the study. They responded to four instruments: Psychophysiological Symptoms Checklist, Self-rating Depression Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design and moderated regression for the data analysis which indicated a positive correlation between psychophysiological symptom and depression β = 1.06, t(118) = 3.00 p<.001. The results were discussed in relation to relevant literature. It was concluded that institutionalized persons with psychophysiological symptoms equally experience depression. Thus, psychophysiological symptoms should be checkmate among institutionalized persons in order to forestall the episode of depressive symptoms.
Determinants of Household Utilization of Cooking Gas in Ibadan, Nigeria
Household consumption is a composition of valuables especially items which serve to measure perceived standard of living. Cooking gas is choice of consumption and global standard for healthy living. Against this backdrop, the study examined determinants of utilization intention of cooking gas among households in Ibadan. This study is hinged on Rational Choice Theory (RCT) and adopted survey exploratory design. Unit of analysis consisted of household classified into middle income and low income. Sample size was 600 and statistically determined. Data were collected and analysed quantitatively using close-ended questionnaire, descriptive and inferential parametric statistic. Study sample was selected using multistage sampling technique which consisted of purposive, random ballot, systematic and accidental. Demographically, 89.2% adopted cooking gas and mean age was 39.5. Determinants of utilization was classified by household-income, size, proximity and class. Mean scores were obtained for income (m=1.5); household-size (m=2.4); proximity (1.9); and class (m=2.6). There was possible occurrence of income, household size, proximity and class as determinant of cooking gas intention concurrently, income (R2 =.78); household-size (R2 =.50); proximity (R2 =.67); and class (R2 =.70) predicted household intention and utilization of cooking gas. Household intention of utilization of cooking-gas in Ibadan was majorly constrained by income despite overwhelming adoption of consumption choice. It is recommended that state policy intention should leverage household consumption of cooking gas for affordability.
Perceived Factors Influencing Emotional Intelligence among Adolescents
The study investigated perceived factors influencing emotional intelligence among adolescents. A total of 128 participants comprising 57 males and 71 females were selected from students’ population of Ozalla High School Ozalla in Nkanu West Local Government Area of Enugu State. The participants were selected from senior secondary school students in class two (SS 2) making use of available sampling technique. They are within the ages of 15 – 22 years, with a mean age of 18.1 and a standard deviation of 1.7. A 33 – item of self-referencing statements developed by Schutte et al. (1998) was used to measure Emotional Intelligence. A cross sectional design was adopted while Chi square as a statistic was applied to analyze the data. Results showed that a significant influence of recognition of emotions as a perceived factor influencing emotional intelligence among adolescents was observed, X2 (df,1) = 48 at p<.001; also a significant influence of facial expression as a perceived factor influencing emotional intelligence among adolescents was observed X2 (df,1) = 7.26 at p<.01; and a significant influence of positive mood as a perceived factor influencing emotional intelligence among adolescents was observed, X2 (df,1) = 48 at p<.001. The findings were discussed in relation to literatures reviewed and suggestions made.
Gender and Age as Factors Implicated in Physical Self-efficacy among Adolescents
The study investigated gender and age as factors impacting physical self-efficacy among adolescents. A total of 110 participants comprising 52 male (26 early26 late school age) and 58 female (20 early/32 late school age) adolescents were drawn from a population of Modern Ideal College, Abakpa Nike Enugu in Enugu East Local Government Area of Enugu State. They were selected making use of available sampling technique. The participants were within the ages of 12-23 years with a mean age of 16.1 and standard deviation of 1.8 years. Based on survey research design the participants were administered a 22-item questionnaire measuring physical self efficacy (Ryckman et al., 1982; Nworah, 1999) and a 2x2 Anova using method of unweighted means was applied to analyze the data. The findings indicated significant differences between young and adult university undergraduate F(1,100) = 25.65 at p<.01; and between male and female university undergraduates F(1,100) = 17.05 at p<.01; and significant interaction between age and gender on physical self efficacy F(1,100) = 8.18 at p<.01 The findings were discussed in relation to literatures reviewed and suggestions made.
Acceptance of Illness, Type of Illness and Psychological Distress among Terminally-Ill Patients in Makurdi Metropolis
Terminally-ill patients are faced with complex and psychological challenges which are a threat to public health world-wide, affecting men, women and children. Feelings of pervasive helplessness and non-acceptance of illness has been observed to increase terminal-ill patient's suicidal risk and quest to hasten death. The study used a correlational research design to examined acceptance of Illness, Type of Illness and Psychological Distress among Terminally-Ill Patients in Makurdi metropolis. Multi-stage (quota & convenience) sampling technique was used to select one hundred and ninety-one (191) patients; 64 (33.5%) males and 127 (66.5%) females. Two standard instruments, Illness Cognition Questionnaire (ICQ) and The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to collect data. Three hypotheses were tested using correlation, ANOVA and multiple regression. The finding indicated a significant positive relationship between Acceptance of Illness and Psychological Distress (r = .176, P<.05). Also, type of illness significantly differs on psychological distress F (2,172) = 3.352, P<.05. The third finding showed a significant joint influence of acceptance of illness and type of illness on psychological distress R=.226, R²=.051 F (2,170)= 4.575; P<.05. It was concluded that acceptance of illness enhance psychological distress and patients who suffered from HIV/AIDS were more psychologically distressed than patients with Diabetes and Cancer. It was recommended that the Government through the Ministry of Health and Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) should organize workshops and seminars on the impact of acceptance and type of illness as it affect the psychological well-being of terminally-ill patients in Makurdi metropolis.
Development and Validation of Post traumatic Conditions Scale (PCS) for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)
Proper management of internally displaced persons depends to great extent on a proper assessment of their conditions. Many instruments have been used such as Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) Short Form-8 among others to assess the psychological or mental health of the displaced persons neglecting the economic and social aspects, hence the need for a more robust instrument. To accomplish this, the present study developed and validated posttraumatic conditions scale for comprehensive assessment of the internally displaced persons. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase the items of the scale were generated through Focused Group Discussion with 45 IDPs in Makoko camp in Lagos and from review of literature. A total of 49 items were generated but were later reduced to 30-items after they were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items were also given to five expert for face validated after which a pilot study was carried out by administering the instrument to 100 internally displaced persons in Kuchingoro IDP camp in Abuja. A Cronbach alpha of .75 was obtained, which shows the instrument was reliable, and the result also supported multidimensional nature of the scale. In the second phase, the scale was administered to 188 internally displaced persons at Area One IDPs’ camp in Abuja. The result also supported the internal consistency of PCS with Cronbach alpha of .818. EFA result showed Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of .720 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity significance with a p-value of 0.000 at p< .001. The CFA result yielded a 7-dimensional divergent scale with 30-items, with the entire dimension possessing the required threshold that shows a high validity index. It was concluded that the PCS should be part of the documents that should be used for proper assessment of IDPs thereby making it imperative to include psychologists in their management. It will also serve as a guide to government in policy-making about internal displacement.
Socialization and alienation of women in Nigerian Society: Cradle to adulthood, psychological perspective
Socialization is a phenomenon associated with the preservation of values, beliefs, and practices is deep-rooted in the fabric of Nigerian culture as in numerous cultures across the globe. Studies have implicated diverse socio-cultural, economic, and political factors as associated with a lower degree of participation of Nigerian women in governance, resulting in widespread marginalization. Despite the differences in language and the focus of the study, the overall findings have remained the same; women have been systemically alienated from the positions of authority in the society. However, limited reviews have been conducted on the relationship between gender-based schematic processing and the social disposition of women in Nigeria. The socialization of Nigerian women is examined, as is the trajectory of formation of womanhood in Nigeria from cradle to adulthood. Acknowledgement of gender differences is encouraged while increased utilization of feminine potentials for more tremendous success in governance or leadership is explored. A systemic review of socialization is imperative in addressing the subjugation of women in Nigerian society.
Impact of Internet and Social Media on All Age Groups: Case Studies from a Mental Health Facility in Lagos State
This paper explores the impact of internet and the social media on the functioning of people from different age groups, beginning with a discussion of how the internet and social media use has influenced the day-to-day productivity of man in the present generation. Several reviewed findings and interactions with patients of Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos State suggested that there is an explosion of the negative impacts of the internet and social media in terms of addiction, early exposure to pornography and sexual activities among children and teenagers, poor attention span, poor academic performance and reduced work productivity and poorer mental health. Some personality types were also found to have a propensity to get addicted to the internet and social media according to findings from patients in this facility. Evidence was found for poorer mental health which was observed in increased anxiety, depression, acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, poor body image and poor self-esteem. Such increase in the poor concept of self may reflect a deleterious effect on academic performance, interpersonal relationship and work productivity which in turn results in possibly severe mental disorders. The paper concludes by noting that research devoted to understanding the impact of internet and social media on individuals from all ages and social strata is at a crossroad, on one hand, stimulating questions, preliminary investigations, and intervention potentials while on the other hand, raising some significant theoretical and empirical obstacles
Work-From-Home, Job Satisfaction and Performance among Teachers in Nigeria
Recently, Corona Virus Pandemic (COVID-19) became a deadly global issue and governments around the world including Nigeria were forced to take some action to slow the spread of the virus. One of the policies was social distancing. As a consequence of this policy, workplaces including schools were temporary closed thereby making organizations to innovate new ways of working in the new normal. One of the innovations was ‘work-from-home’ (WFH) using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This study was framed to examine how working from home would impact the job satisfaction and performance of teachers in Nigeria. Using purposive sampling technique, data were collected in a cross sectional framework by distributing questionnaire on internet platforms to teachers in Nigeria. One hundred and ninety-seven (197) teachers participated in the study. They comprised of 115(58.4%) males and 82(41.6%) females. Their age ranged between 28 and 70 years. Two hypotheses were tested using Simple Linear Regression Analysis in IBM SPSS 23. Results show that work-from-home has significant positive impact on job satisfaction and performance among teachers in Nigeria. The study recommended that teachers should be allowed to teach from home as this work approach enhances job satisfaction and performance.
Information and Communication Technology
Can cognitive stress appraisal moderate the link between family cohesion and academic engagement among undergraduate students?
The study explored whether the association between family cohesion and academic engagement was affected by students’ perceptions of cognitive pressure. Participants were 168 undergraduate students (84 males and 84 females, Mean age = 18.21, SD = 2.07 years), randomly drawn from a tertiary educational institution in South-eastern Nigeria. Measures for data collection were the Students Engagement Instrument (SEI), Family Cohesion Scale (FCS), and Presentation of a Cognitive Appraisal Scenario (CAS). We employed the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS, which has a regression-based path-logical frame in data analyses. Results showed that family cohesion had a positive association with academic engagement, but cognitive stress appraisal had no significant association with academic engagement. Cognitive stress appraisal moderated the association between family cohesion and academic engagement. Family cohesion has an association with greater academic engagement for students especially in the challenge cognitive stress appraisal condition, than those in the threat cognitive stress appraisal condition, but not for those in the control cognitive stress appraisal condition. The finding suggests that having a challenging cognitive stress appraisal and threatening cognitive stress appraisal has a link with increasing family cohesion, and contributing to higher levels of students’ academic engagement. The findings may help advance the educational engagement of students in utmost institutions of advanced literacy.
Deliberate self-harm in a sample of sub-Saharan African youths: Adverse childhood experiences, self-esteem, and gender as factors
This study investigated the roles of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-esteem, and gender on deliberate self-harm in a sample of Sub-Saharan African youths. Six hundred (600) students drawn from the University of Nigeria Nsukka, participated in the study. They comprised 300 males and 300 females with the age range of 18-26 years (Mean age = 21.84, SD = 1.18years). Three instruments were employed for data collection: Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACEs-IQ), Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Self Harm Inventory (SHI). Hierarchical multiple regression was employed for data analysis. Results showed that ACEs predicted increased deliberate self-harm (β =-.02, t (420) =-5.27, p<.001).Self-esteem negatively predicted deliberate self-harm (β= -.39, t (420)= -8.85), while gender did not predict deliberate self-harm ( β = -.02, t(420)=-.49, p<.001). The findings suggest that the general public especially the parents and caregivers should be educated and sensitized on the negative impact of ACEs to help reduce and alleviate the occurrence of deliberate self-harm among youths. Strategies to inculcate a healthy sense of self among youths are also recommended.
Impact of Perceived Social Support on Resilience among Military Families
Most military mental health research in Nigeria has been conducted among military personnel, with little attention given to their families. The transitions that come with military life has been linked to an increased risk of psychological distress in military families. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of perceived social support on resilience among military families. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to obtain information from 248 family members of military personnel deployed amongst which 135(54.4%) were spouses and 113 (45.6%) were children. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Response to Stressful Experience (RSE) Scale was used as data collection instruments. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the impact of perceived social support on resilience. The result showed that perceived social support significantly predicted resilience among military families (β = .205, P = .001< a = 0.05). The findings were discussed in relation to related literature. It was recommended that the military authorities should factor in family support programs for military families to enhance their mental robustness and resilience. This is in order to effectively cope with the transition that comes with military life and to improve military families quality of life.
Effect of Prior Knowledge and Text Familiarity on Word Retrieval among Secondary School Students in Makurdi Metropolis
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prior knowledge and text familiarity on word retrieval among secondary school students in the Makurdi metropolis. The performance of secondary school students is worrisome over the years and research efforts have pointed to the roles of academic and social factors. However, the role of cognitive factors such as prior knowledge of students and their familiarity with text have received less attention. Therefore, this study covered the knowledge gap by investigating the effects of prior knowledge and text familiarity on word retrieval among secondary school students in the Makurdi metropolis. The study employed a Between-Subject factorial design where 60 participants comprising of 30 (50%) male and 30 (50%) female students were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 12-18years with a mean age of 15.50 (SD=2.08). The sample for the study was drawn using Stratified random sampling. Word Retrieval test was used for data collection. Three hypotheses were tested using Two-Way ANOVA. Findings indicated a significant effect of prior knowledge on word retrieval among secondary school students. The finding also indicated participants who had previous knowledge of words had a higher mean score on word retrieval than their counterparts who had no previous knowledge. The finding further revealed no significant effect of text familiarity on word retrieval among secondary school students. Finally, there was no significant interaction effect of prior knowledge and text familiarity on word retrieval among secondary school students. The researchers recommended students to expose themselves to many concepts, materials, and textbooks so that they will be more familiar with concepts so as to enhance their vocabulary. However, a major limitation of the study was difficulty having students to volunteer participating in the study despite the orientation they were given.
Lecturer-initiated Incivility, Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Exhaustion among undergraduate students
This study investigated Lecturer-initiated Incivility, Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Exhaustion among undergraduate students of Benue State University Makurdi. The Cross-sectional survey design was employed where Three Hundred and Seventeen (317) respondents comprising of 129 (40.7%) male and 188 (59.3%) female undergraduate students were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 19-57years with a mean age of 31.31years (SD=6.01). Simple random sampling was used to draw the sample for the study. Three instruments were used for data collection; The Perceived Faculty Incivility Scale, Indigenous Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. Three hypotheses were tested using Multiple Linear Regression and Multiple Regression. Findings indicated that Lecturer-initiated Incivility and all its dimensions predicted Emotional Exhaustion among undergraduate students. Also, Emotional Intelligence significantly predicted Emotional Exhaustion among undergraduate students. Finally, Lecturer-initiated incivility and Emotional Intelligence jointly predicted Emotional Exhaustion among undergraduate students. It was recommended that university managements should sanction lecturers who purposefully violate the rights of students. The university management should also employ the services of Clinical Psychologists who will provide emotional intelligence training to students during their orientation period.
The Role of Social Support on Psychological Wellbeing of Victims of Herdsmen Attacks in Plateau State
The impact of armed attacks at individual, family and community levels can be a sufficient limitation on the victim’s ability to function and to cope with everyday life, as such, the need for an urgent intervention among the victims. This study investigates the role of Social Supports on psychological wellbeing of victims of herders attacks in Internally Displaced Camps in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. A descriptive research design of ex-post-facto type was used in the study and 234 victims of herdsmen attacks participated in the study. There were 130 (55.6%) females and 104 (44.4%) males. The Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scales (PWB), and Scale Perceived Social Support were used to collect the data from the participants. The collected data was analyzed using simple regression analyses. The results for hypothesis one showed that psychological support significantly predicted psychological wellbeing among victims of herdsmen attack (p < .05). Hypothesis two show that there was no significant gender differences on psychological wellbeing among victims of herdsmen attacks in Barkin Ladi LGA, Means: Male, 1.47 (SD 1.50), Female, 1.46 (.50), p>.05. The findings showed Social Support significantly predicted psychological wellbeing among the victims of herdsmen attacks and as such, encouraged relevant authorities to step up modalities towards ameliorating the plights of victims through policies and their implementation that will ensure all those affected are provided with the needed social supports.
The Effect Of Divorce On The Wellbeing Of Young Adults
Qualitative research design utilizing focus group discussion was adopted for this case study aimed at understanding the effect of divorce on the wellbeing of young adults. Six participants were selected utilizing snowball sampling technique. A tape recorder was used in recording the conversations, field notes were also taken. Data were transcribed and analyzed utilizing content analysis using NVivo software in order to answer the research questions. Findings of the study revealed that divorce has significant effect on adolescents’ well-being with emphasis on social, emotional and intellectual well-being. In relation to social wellbeing, three major themes were found “detachment, difficulty in making and keeping friends and poor socialization skills”. Furthermore, three major themes were also found as the effect of divorce on emotional well-being among adolescents’, “worry, anger and sadness”. Finally, “poor academic performance”, was identified as the effect of divorce on young adult intellectual well-being. Thus, the researchers concludes that divorce have significant effect on young adults wellbeing. Therefore the researchers recommended that psychologists, religious leaders and marriage counsellors should counsel intending couples before and after marriage to enable them overcome possible marital challenges that can lead to divorce. Couples should be psycho-educated on the effect of divorce on their children.
Social Support Resilience and Psychological Well-being among Patients with Low Vision Attending an Eye Care Centre in Akwa-Ibom Nigeria
Low vision is a global health problem, and the worldwide number of individuals who experience this condition is increasing, due to an expanding and aging population. In Nigeria for instance, a significant number of ophthalmic patients present with low vision, with possible psychological consequences. Previous research has focused more on ophthalmic determinants, ignoring the role that psychosocial factors play in wellbeing of patients diagnosed with low vision. This study therefore, examined the predictive role of perceived social support and resilience on psychological wellbeing of patients with low vision in Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was adopted to purposively recruit patients with low vision (visual acuity < 6/ 12 in the better eye) at an Eye Centre in Nigeria. Multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Ego resiliency and Wellbeing Affectometer-2 scales were used to collect data from participants. The study comprised 129 participants (mean age=49.10 years). Hierarchical multiple regression showed that social support (β= .05, t= 0.55; p <.05) and resilience (β= .23, t= 2.28; p <.05) were significant predictors of psychological wellbeing [F(2, 126) =3.402; R2=.09; p <.05].Results indicate that low vision has a significant impact on wellbeing, while enhanced social support and resilience have beneficial effects on wellbeing among patients with low vision. Ophthalmologists and other low vision specialists must therefore provide support and encourage same from families and relatives of their patients to help the patients deal with the impact of vision loss on wellbeing.
Psycho-social Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life among Persons Living with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Ibadan, Nigeria
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic medical condition with severe consequences manifested in reduced Health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study was designed to examine the psychosocial predictors (age, length of illness, family links, prostate knowledge, illness acceptance and social support) among persons with BPH in Ibadan, Nigeria. An expost-facto design was utilized among a total of 87 males (mean age 61.77±15.80 years) with BPH who presented at the study centre. Participants were purposively sampled. A self-report questionnaire comprising Socio-demographics, Knowledge (α=0.72); Illness Acceptance (α = 0.89; Social Support (α = 0.96); and HRQoL(α=0.47) scales was administered. Data were analysed using multiple regression at p<0.05 level of significance. Two hypotheses were tested. The result revealed that psychosocial factors significantly and jointly predicted HRQoL (Adj.R2=0.22, F(3;85)=4.05), accounting for 22.0% of its variance. Independently, illness acceptance (β=0.43) had significant contributions to HRQoL. However, age, length of illness and knowledge did not predict HRQoL. It was recommended that collaborative, multi and transdisciplinary approaches to research be engaged to explore possible interventions towards improving HRQoL of persons living with BPH.
Mother-in-law Syndrome and Locus of Control as Indicators of Somatisation among Igbo women with fertility challenges
This study tested the influence of mother-in-law syndrome and locus of control on somatisation among Igbo women with fertility challenges. The participants consisted of 124 women battling infertility who were drawn from outpatient Gynaecology Departments of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane Enugu, Enugu State and Police General Hospital, Amakohia Owerri, Imo State, respectively using a purposive sampling technique. Out of the 124 participants, 34 were businesswomen, while 90 were civil servants. Their ages ranged from 25-60 years, mean age = 36.29, while their marital age ranges from 2-30 years. The study employed four main instruments to collect data: the Mother In-Law Syndrome Index, Enugu Somatisation Scale, and Locus of Control Scale. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design, and binary logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis. Results showed that mother-in-law syndrome increases somatic complaints among women with fertility challenges while locus of control does not significantly predict somatic complaints among married women with fertility challenges. This implies that the negative attitude of mothers-in-law contributes to high somatic complaints among women with fertility challenges, while locus of control does not contribute much to somatisation among women with fertility challenges.
women with fertility challenge/subfertile women
Case Detection Capacity of the hare psychopathy Checklist Re (PCL-R) 2nd edition in a non-prison population in kaduna state
The study examined the detection capacity index of the Hare psychopathy checklist (PCL-R) 2nd edition in non-Prison population in Kaduna State-Nigeria. A Cross Sectional Survey design was used to obtain data on the participants from the communities. A total number of 115 participants were recruited for the study, 72 (62.6%) were male and 43(37.4%) were females. Their age range was 18-55 years. They were selected through cluster sampling techniques. Analyzing data obtained using simple percentage estimates; result revealed that PCL-R has high detection capacity for Psychopathy in a non-prison population (30.43%). It is therefore recommended that the PCL-R should be adopted as a Psychological assessment tool for Criminality and Psychopathy by Psychologists and other Forensic experts who work in the Nigerian Criminal Justice System
Children Disability Milieus and Perceived Social Support as Predictors of Quality of Life of Family Caregivers in Akwa Ibom State
The family caregiver has remained a neglected lot, often ignored by the mental health professionals, making them vulnerable to poor quality of life. The study examined children's disability milieus and perceived social support as predictors of quality of life of family caregivers. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. The sample size was two hundred and five (205) caregivers of children with disability selected children’s care centres in South-South, Nigeria. Participants’ ages ranged from 24 to 55 years with a mean age of 37.4 years. These caregivers were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Berlin Social Support Scale and Quality of Life Scale were the instruments used for data collection. Multiple regression statistical method was used in testing the hypotheses formulated for the study. Results revealed that perceived social support had a significant negative prediction on the quality of life of caregivers (β = -.415; t = -6.5; P<.05). Results further indicated that age and duration of care had significant independent prediction on quality of life. Gender, nature of disability and severity of disability did not independently predict quality of life. However, there was a significant joint prediction of children's disability milieus and perceived social support on quality of life (F= (6,203) =9.67; P<.05). It was recommended that massive media and door-to-door campaigns should be carried out to educate people on the need to support caregivers of children with disabilities.
Love of Money, and Personal Sense of Power as Predictors of Political Engagement Dimensions Among Undergraduates
The study examined the relationship between love of money and personal sense of power as predictors of political engagement dimensions among undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The participants were 1,158 undergraduates who volunteered from three randomly selected faculties. The participants were made up of 541 (46.7%) males and 617 (53.3%) females with an age range of 19 to 30 years, a mean 23.33 years, and a standard deviation 2.82. Data was collected using questionnaires. Results suggested that love of money significantly and positively predicted political engagement dimension (electoral behaviour) among undergraduates. Similarly, personal sense of power significantly and positively predicted political engagement dimensions (electoral behaviour, political voice, attentiveness, and social media). The focus of discussion was on the reasons why love of money and personal sense of power predicted political engagement among the study participants. It was recommended that incumbent government and politicians should deploy incentives like scholarships, free medicals, free text books, and free internet access. These benefits may go may go a long way for undergraduates to develop interest in politics.
Factors associated with protective sexual behaviours among unmarried young people in Nigeria: A cross-sectional analysis
The risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections is associated with young adulthood that practice experimental behaviour, including the non-use of condoms during sexual intercourse with partners. There is a paucity of studies on the factors influencing sexual behaviours among young people, with a focus on gender disaggregation and condom use using 5 years interval analysis. This study examined factors associated with positive sexual behaviours among unmarried young people in Nigeria. The data for this study was derived from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data and comprised a weighted sample drawn from 2,458 females and 762 males aged 15-24 years giving a total of 3,220 never married and sexually active young people. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical methods, including multivariate binary logistic regression. The results showed that 64.5% and 36.6% of young males and females engaged in protective sexual behaviours. The likelihood of engaging in protective sexual behaviours significantly increased among males who reported a history of residential instability (OR: 2.06, CI: 1.18-3.58) and females who had knowledge of STIs (aOR: 2.54, CI: 1.10-5.83). In addition, an increase in the educational attainment and household’s wealth quintile was positively associated with engaging in protective sexual behaviours among female and male young people with regional variations. This study found that most male young people engaged in protective sexual behaviours compared with their female counterparts. Being knowledgeable of STIs and having a history of residential instability are positively associated with protective sexual behaviour with gender variations. There is the need for more region-wide educational and empowerment programmes on sexual and reproductive health to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services in Nigeria.
Impact of Personality, Emotional Labour, and Core Self-Evaluations on the Mental Health of Bank Employees
The present study used a cross-sectional data to investigate the impact of personality, emotional labour and core self-evaluations on the mental health of employees (N = 212) from 14 different banks in Southeast Nigeria. The employees are comprised of 138 males and 74 females aged between 23 and 50 years, with a mean age of (M = 32.44; SD = 6.19). The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that conscientiousness and neuroticism were negatively related positively to mental health; whereas agreeableness, extraversion and openness to experience were not related to employee mental health. The results equally showed that emotional labour had a significant negative impact on employees’ mental health, while there was no relationship found between core self-evaluations and mental health. The implications of the findings on the organisations and employees were highlighted; the limitations of the study were discussed and suggestions were made for further studies.
Social Support, Health Locus of Control and Psychological Acceptance as Predictors of Perceived Quality of Life among Diabetic Patients
Diabetic patients carry enormous public health burden thus making the identification of risk factors for this disorder an important health issue. This study was aimed at investigating social supports, health locus of control and psychological acceptance as predictors of perceived quality of life (PQoL) among diabetic patients. Self-efficacy and self-determination theories provided theoretical framework while cross-sectional survey design was adopted for data collection. Convenient sampling technique was used to select 315 participants that responded to instruments on social support, health locus of control, psychological acceptance and PQoL. Data were analysed using standard multiple regression analysis and independent t-test. Results showed that health locus of control significantly predicted PQoL. Also there as a joint prediction of social support, health locus of control, and psychological acceptance on PQoL. Also, patients with internal health locus of control reported higher score on PQoL than patients with external health locus of control. It is suggested that more training initiatives in quality of life among diabetic patients should be intensified.
“Torn between work and family”: An examination of the relationship between work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior
The study examined the relationship between work family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior. It specifically investigated the association between work-family conflict and time-based work interference with family, strain-based work interference with family, among others. A total number of two hundred and two (Male = 106 and female = 96) participants were selected for the study using purposive sampling technique from a randomly selected manufacturing industries in Lagos metropolis. Work Family Conflict Scale and Organizational Citizenship Scales were used to collect data from the participants. The data collected were analyzed with Pearson Moment Correlation. The results showed that Time-based work interference with family, r = -.16, (202), p<.05 Time-based family interference with work, r = -.15, (202), p<.05, Strain-based work interference with family r = -.17, (202), p<.05, all correlated negatively with organizational citizenship behavior. The study discussed what business organization stand to lose if there is a persistent decrease in engagement of extra role activities by employees due to the work family conflicts.